ANC Navigates Power-Sharing in Post-Election South Africa

The African National Congress (ANC), which recently lost its 30-year-old parliamentary majority, is now faced with the challenge of sharing power to continue governing South Africa. This significant shift marks the first time since the end of white minority rule that the ANC must form alliances to maintain control.

Opting for a government of national unity rather than a traditional coalition, the ANC, the party of the late Nelson Mandela, is swiftly working to build a coalition from its former rivals. The first session of the new parliament is scheduled for Friday, June 14, and the ANC needs to finalise its political alliances before lawmakers choose a president, expected to be from the ANC as the largest party.

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Building Alliances Amidst Ideological Divides

Due to its poor election performance, the ANC requires the support of at least one significant rival. It is currently in discussions with parties across the political spectrum, including the Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). However, significant ideological differences and historical animosities complicate these negotiations.

The DA, the largest opposition party, refuses to join a coalition with the EFF or former President Jacob Zuma’s uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) party, which finished third in the recent election. The EFF, in turn, will not join a government that includes the DA or the Freedom Front Plus, both of which draw support from South Africa’s white minority. MK has stated it will not partner with the ANC if led by President Cyril Ramaphosa, insisting his position is non-negotiable.

The Path Ahead

The 400-seat National Assembly’s first session will involve lawmakers taking the oath of office and electing the speaker, deputy speaker, and the president. With only 159 seats, the ANC needs support from its new allies to retain the presidency. Under South African law, a presidential candidate must receive majority support in a secret ballot if multiple candidates are nominated.

MK has filed a legal challenge to block parliament from sitting, alleging electoral fraud despite the polls being declared free and fair by observers and the electoral commission.

Following the National Assembly’s first session, the newly elected president will be inaugurated and will preside over the seventh administration since the end of apartheid. The composition of the executive branch will be determined by the ongoing negotiations, expected to result in a significant overhaul of the cabinet.

Cabinet Negotiations

Key ministries such as finance, energy, foreign affairs, and public enterprises are highly coveted. Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan, Minister in the Presidency Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, and Trade, Industry and Competition Minister Ebrahim Patel have indicated their plans to step down.

The president, who appoints the cabinet and deputy president, may select up to two people from outside the National Assembly. The Opening of Parliament Address, outlining the new administration’s priorities, will follow the cabinet announcement.

Unity Government Formation

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) has agreed to join a unity government with the ANC and the DA. This coalition aims to provide stability and address the country’s challenges. IFP leader Velenkosini Hlabisa emphasised the need for a stable government to continue addressing the people’s needs.

Conclusion

As the ANC and other parties finalise their agreements, the composition of South Africa’s new government will take shape. The political landscape is poised for significant change as these negotiations unfold, reflecting the dynamic and diverse nature of South African democracy.